Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a gynecological disorder defined by the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus, outside its inner layer. This could occur in the ovaries and Fallopian tubes, in the bladder or bowels, and, rarely, in locations such as lungs, skin or brain.
When this endometrial tissue grows inside the muscular layer of the uterus, or miometrum, this disorder is known as adenomyosis


Some theories aim to explain this infertily lead by endometriosis. It is speculated to result from several factors:
If ovaries are affected…
Endometriosis may inhibit ovulation preventing the release of the oocyte.
If the Fallopian tubes are affected…
The oocytes capture might not be effective or the encounter with the spermatozoa might be prevented
If the uterus is affected…
Due to the resulting inflamation, endometriosis might prevent embryo implantation.
Overall…
The harsh environment caused by the endometriosis might affect the germ cells survival, preventing fertilization.
Uterine fibroids
Uterine fibroids are non-oncological tumors caused by an excessive growth of muscular cells inside the uretus. They can be classified depending on their location:
If they grow towards the uterine cavity they are named as submucosal (a).
If they grow on the uterine wall they are intramural (b).
If they grow on the outter edge of the cavity they are subserosal (c).
If they grow on the outter edge of the cavity and attach to the uterus through a strand of tissue, they are pedunculated (d).

In this situation, infertility is due to anatomical alterations; which may affect the germ cells movement or prevent implantation by:
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- Obstructing the Fallopian tubes
- Disrupting the uterine cavity
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This latter event occurs mostly due to submucosal myomas (c) since they grow inside the endometrium, inner layer of the uterus, and protrude towards the uterine cavity